Our laws against cyberbullying are catching up: Dola Rahman

Cyberbullying is a growing global concern, intensified by rapid technological advances. Women, whether public figures or ordinary individuals, increasingly face online harassment, abusive comments, and AI-generated content, affecting their mental health and social life—often worsened by victim-blaming. Many of these acts are criminal offences, yet questions remain about accountability and legal protection. To explore these issues, we spoke with singer Dola Rahman, a Barrister-at-Law and Advocate of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.

Given the rise of cyberbullying and AI-generated and deepfake abuse in Bangladesh, what legal remedies are available for victims, and where should they go first to receive immediate and effective help?

Under the previous Digital Security Act and now the Cyber Security Ordinance (2025), amendments are being made continuously to respond to Bangladesh's evolving digital landscape.

Having said that, offences such as AI-generated abuse or deepfake content are dealt with under existing laws based on the nature of the content. For instance, many AI-generated images or videos fall under the definition of pornography, and therefore, cases can be filed under the Pornography Control Act 2012. Victims can file complaints either at their nearest police station or directly in court.

Victims can initially call 999, lodge a General Diary (GD) or file a formal complaint at the nearest police station at their discretion, but they must preserve evidence—such as screenshots, chat logs, or links—since Bangladesh has also seen a rise in fabricated cases. Once a complaint is submitted, the concerned cyber tribunal conducts a preliminary investigation to verify authenticity. If the allegations appear genuine, the case is formally taken under cognisance.

Depending on the severity of the offence, the police may proceed with arrests even without a warrant for cognisable offences, particularly in cases involving pornography or serious cybercrimes, and these have punishments ranging from a fine to imprisonment as well. The process is step-by-step, but the essential point is that victims must come under the protection of the law and follow the proper legal channels to seek justice.

Many victims face hurdles when seeking legal help, authorities are slow or reluctant to take action at times. How to navigate this?

It is unfortunate, but this reflects a systemic gap. Our laws, including the Cyber Security Ordinance, are still catching up with emerging digital crimes, and past negligence has contributed to these inefficiencies.

That said, action can be taken if victims approach the appropriate authorities with proper evidence. For example, a client received threatening calls from an anonymous number; when she reported it, the police investigated, identified the perpetrator, and took legal action.

Systemic gaps remain, and delays are common, especially given the judgmental attitudes often faced by media professionals. However, procedures are gradually becoming more efficient.

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Can raising awareness alone, like past campaigns against eve-teasing, effectively prevent these threats, or are additional measures needed to ensure people understand the legal consequences?

Real change starts at home, and responsibility must be shared by both families and educational institutions. Staying silent won't help. It is also concerning that in this era, basic digital precautions—such as proper authentication on Facebook and Instagram—are essential, yet many still overlook them. Organisations can play a key role in spreading this guidance so that people can better protect themselves.

Lastly, a message to all those who face bullies and abuse in the digital space…

Every criminal offence under Bangladesh's Penal Code has a legal remedy, but most people don't know how to access it or approach a lawyer. I personally volunteer for many, especially for my fellow showbiz colleagues.

Legally, online harassment can be punished, and facing consequences acts as a deterrent over time. The key is informing people about their rights and how to take action, which can gradually reduce these abuses. To conclude, don't remain silent, raise your voice, and know your rights!