What's all this about nation branding?

I was standing at the immigration cue at Hamburg Airport watching their highly efficient system. No matter how many people appeared in the lines it moved very fast. The process seemed very smooth—they just looked at the passport, used the seal and off you went. When my turn came, I walked up to the immigration officer, waiting to complete the process like so many before me. The officer saw my passport and gave me a much closer look. Then he started asking questions, which he hadn't asked anyone before (I am assuming based on their time spent). Which places do you want to go to? Do you have confirmed tickets and hotels for the entire travel? Can I take a look at them? How much money do you have? Can I take a look at the money? Do you have a credit card? As I showed him everything he asked for, the instinctive reaction, like many Bangladeshis who went through similar experiences, was anger and frustration.

While I waited at the carousal for my luggage to arrive, I kept thinking about the episode, trying to find the reason that made the officer grill me. I felt the answer lay with my country of origin. Every day many Bangladeshis receive advantages or face additional challenges simply because of the country where they are from, and the same goes for every citizen of the world.  And that's where nation branding/image of a nation comes into play.

Simon Anholt first came up with the concept of nation brands. You combine the words nation and brand and it is likely to create mixed reactions. The concept of branding has evolved in recent times, representing the face of capitalism. The concept worked very well for commercial products. In fact, it worked so well that it began to be applied to not-for-profit organisations as well as nations.

But how did a concept which essentially helped sell products and services become relevant for a nation? The answer lies in the context within which nations operate in today's globalised world. Nations are making increasingly conscious efforts to hone their country branding/image in recognition of the need to fulfill three major objectives: to attract tourists, to stimulate inward investment, and to boost exports. A further objective of nation branding is talent attraction, whereby countries compete to attract students with higher education and skilled workers. Some experts suggest additional goals of nation branding, such as as increasing currency stability, restoring international credibility and investor confidence, reverse international rating downgrades, creating international influence, and stimulating stronger international partnerships. And most importantly, to promote nation building by nurturing confidence, pride, harmony, ambition, and resolve.

When applying the concept of a brand to nations rather than to mere products, there is an ethical obligation to do so in an honest, respectful manner, and to acknowledge the limits of how appropriate it is to treat nations as brands. After all, nations do not belong to brand managers or corporations. Indeed, they do not belong to anyone, they belong to the nations' people.

Photo: Star

Today every country wants to manage its reputation. But a significant gap exists between what it really means and how far commercial approaches can really apply to the government. I will not delve much into nation branding practices and how the concept is applied. Rather I would like to explore how relevant the concept is for Bangladesh. But before we explore that issue, we need to be aware of two big shifts that are taking place globally: authenticity and transparency. The more we go global, the more we look for authenticity. Righteousness and justness are becoming the in-things. We are searching for the pure, the honest, the sustainable. People are beginning to reject excess—too much sugar, too much salt, too much waste, too much consumerism and too much pretense. This trend has been driven by the ubiquitous presence of technology and use of social media. Suddenly, we are witnessing a massive influx of information, content, products and services. As technology becomes omnipresent and becomes the dominant force in our lives, our search for the authentic and pure grows stronger.

If we bring all these together with nation branding and Bangladesh, a couple of themes emerges. The first and most obvious one: how can it help transform Bangladesh as a nation, as we strive to change the lives of millions of people? Here we need to relook at what end goal we are pursuing. It should be more than just some number reflected by our GDP. Mere focus on financial numbers misses the true quality of life—at the end of the day, the journey should be for individuals to pursue happiness and be content with their lives. As for the second aspect: how do we achieve that goal, it is critical to have a clear idea of what that end goal so that it can work as a compass for the government to decide what approach to take and which areas to focus on.

And in that journey, there are enough reasons for the government to harness its national image. Firstly, we need to seriously consider how our key external stakeholders perceive Bangladesh. We know that the government of Bangladesh hasn't started a nation branding campaign yet. In absence of any such conscious branding initiative, the question arises how come we have an image that is more negative than the reality. The reason is simple: our external stakeholders have received news/stories, read about the country, and experienced Bangladesh in different ways, which has formed their narrative.

The first such communication took place at the Concert for Bangladesh. The image of hungry kids coupled with Henry Kissinger's infamous epithet for Bangladesh—the bottomless basket—strongly associated poverty with the country. Sadly, the poster didn't show any images of spirited people fighting a much stronger opposition. That would have given a more accurate image of our people—the spirited people with a 'never say never' attitude.

But that negative narrative only received confirmation in the years to come, with stray stories of poverty, flood and natural calamities. In absence of any other narratives, these negative aspects of the country began to define Bangladesh. Till only recently, there was only one perception regarding Bangladesh. In such a scenario, how does a country change its image? How do you tell a different story?

Doing a traditional promotional campaign for a nation hardly works. Word of mouth or messages from influencers are what drives todays authenticity. We search for stories. Stories of glory, discovery, excellence, innovation and achievement. These stories slowly begin to shape how we perceive a nation, its people and its culture. While we cannot force someone to tell our version, we can surely influence them by presenting the facts in an interesting and creative. For example, the apparels sector is one of the most glorious episodes of Bangladeshi history. Starting with almost nothing in the 1980s, through pure ingenuity, passion, dedication and hard work, our entrepreneurs have built the world's second largest apparel sector. The journey was not smooth and like any other sector, there were slips and there were challenges. But the positives far outweigh the negatives. Interestingly, if you ask a random foreign individual who is not directly linked to apparels how they would define the sector, they would most likely describe it from its challenge viewpoint as that's the only angle they have ever come across. They most likely wouldn't be able to explain how much the sector has contributed to the nation, which is far beyond just some numbers—over USD 25 billion in exports, over 2,000 crore in salaries delivered per month, supporting 16 million people directly, reducing poverty poverty by 9%. The real impact of the sector is helping a girl form a small village to dream the dream that she can one day earn, fulfill her wishes, lead her life the way she wants. But this side of story is usually missed and absence of such a positive narrative influences people to believe a version far removed from reality.

But there are many such amazing stories in Bangladesh—stories of vibrancy, of spirited enthusiasm which is pushing Bangladesh forward. From agriculture to remittance to business, it is the spirited people of Bangladesh who with little steps every day are slowly realising the potential of the nation.  And as a nation branding strategy we need to find creative ways of sharing these stories, sharing that passion which defines the soul of the nation. Somehow I feel that is an untold story worth sharing.

The key responsibility of shaping a nation's image lies with the government. Other governments view a nation's progress by how much change it is making; how new policies and approaches are being introduced to make investment easier, execution of law smoother, judiciary stronger, innovation superior. While making those policies are a good starting point, the real test is how they are executed and how real changes are made through them. I was very impressed with the approach of the Indonesian government upon hearing the story of how their Prime Minister is trying to re-define the role of senior officials in the bureaucracy. He feels that the job of senior officials is not to get just get work done following an existing procedure or law—any junior staff can do this much. Their real job is to change the process to deliver better results and make it easier for people to pursue their goals. When these type of approaches begin to bring tangible results, people will talk about them and share those stories. Thus, the story of authentic transformation begins to shape the new narrative of a nation.

The second and more powerful aspect of nation branding involves is how it affects a nation's own people. Maintaining the image of a service like airlines is much more complex as it is not the new aircraft or the meal but the experience of the entire travel which helps shape the brand image. And it is people, every single individual of the airline service, and how they manage every single aspect of the journey that makes the key difference. Now imagine how many dimensions actually shape the experience created by a country—almost too many to manage. But there is one common thread in that rich complex tapestry—the people. They are the protagonists of the story. And in our case, we have a tough job ahead. 

Bangladesh is passing through its most critical time in its history—simply because of the tremendous potential that lies ahead of us. But we, the people, feel enervated by the many challenges. For a nation that has many miles to go in its journey towards, its path will be studded with negative stories and experiences. A recent study by positive psychology expert Shawn Anchor reveals that positivity begets good results, while negativity slows us down, makes us lethargic and adversely affects the pursuit of our goals. Within such a context, we feel less enthusiastic about our future, about our country and more importantly, about what we can do to convert that potential into reality. As human beings, we are all about our beliefs, our passion and our positive energy. Our freedom fighters had the strong belief that they could win against a stronger opposition, and coupled with their passion and positive energy, they gave us the most precious gift—our freedom. It is our job to give the next generation their most precious gift—a prosperous nation whose people are highly positive and can face any challenges thrown at them, whose people are content with their lives and are there for others. We can give them the Bangladesh we know it can be, so that they can stand tall in any part of the world.

In order to build that Bangladesh, whilst the government instills those values within us, we ourselves must play our very own roles.  From our individual standpoint, we need to do our small bit right. We need to focus more on what we as individuals can do for our country. Our collective belief, action and positive energy will answer the negativity that exists; it will work as a strong influence for even the government to do the right thing—that will become the most powerful force to change the narrative of Bangladesh.  And in today's world of social media and interconnectivity, driving this change is easier than ever. As Professor Dipak Jain, Ex-Dean of Kelloggs Business School and INSEAD Business School, said in one of our seminars: “Remember the force behind you is always stronger than the challenges ahead of you. If we care about Bangladesh and its image, if we believe it needs to be changed, then the responsibility lies with us.”

The writer is the Founder of Bangladesh Brand Forum, and CEO of Brandzeal Consultancy Limited.