The United States will send 12 teams of observers and fund thousands of domestic observers to monitor an election in Bangladesh it hopes will be free and fair, a senior official at the US Embassy in Dhaka said.

Amid opposition concerns about rigging in the December 30 general election, there has been speculation about US plans for it, especially after the European Union this week said it would not send observers, nor comment on the vote or result.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina is seeking a third straight term.

Her old rival, Khaleda Zia, who leads the main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party, is in jail after being convicted on charges she says were politically motivated. Scores of BNP workers have also been detained.

The BNP boycotted the last election, in 2014, as unfair, but has said it will take part this time, though it is seeking international monitors of polls it says it believes will be flawed.

The United States is sending a dozen teams, each of about two observers, who will fan out to most parts of the country, William Moeller, political officer at the US embassy in Dhaka, told Reuters.

“The Bangladesh government has emphasised that it plans to hold a free and fair election,” Moeller said this week.

“We welcome that and are providing funding for election observers who hope to see such an outcome.”

Moeller referred to reports of harassment and intimidation before recent city corporation elections, which he said may have suppressed voter turnout.

“We raised these concerns at the time, so we are hoping we won’t see the same issues in the national elections.”

The US National Democratic Institute said after an assessment in October the polls would be held “amid a high degree of political polarisation, heightened tensions and shrinking political space”.

The Bangkok-based Asian Network for Free Elections will send a team of about 30 short- and long-term observers, Moeller said.

About 15,000 Bangladeshi observers will be funded jointly by the US Agency for International Development, Britain’s Department for International Development and the Swiss government, he said.

The domestic observers would spread out but might not be able to reach every polling station, he said.

PLAYING DOWN WORRIES

Hasina and Khaleda have alternated in power over the last 28 years. Elections in Bangladesh are often violent and marred by ballot-stuffing and voter intimidation.

Hasina’s Awami League has held power since 2009 and dispensed from 2014 with a practice of letting a neutral caretaker government oversee elections, to the anger of the BNP.

The government has brushed off opposition fears of rigging.

“I don’t see any possibility this time, because all the parties are participating, and all of them will have their election agents,” said HT Imam, a political adviser to Hasina.

Bangladesh has seen steady economic growth under Hasina and the development of a vibrant garment sector under-pinning export growth, and accounting for 80 percent of the economy.

But rights groups have criticised increasing curbs on freedom of speech and the media.

Hope to capitalise on dissatisfaction, the BNP has formed an alliance with smaller parties called the National Unity Front and Hasina said this week she expected competitive polls.

The EU delegation in Dhaka said it was not sending observers because of growing demand for them amid tight resources.

India had no plan to send observers unless Bangladesh asked, an official at the Indian High Commission said.

The European Parliament has announced that it will not observe the upcoming national election in Bangladesh.

“The European Parliament will not observe this electoral process and consequently will neither comment on the process nor on the results that will be announced afterwards. Moreover, there will be no European Union Election Observation Mission,” the EP said in a statement in Brussels yesterday.

The European Union's top diplomat in Dhaka indicated that the decision was taken due to “resource constraints”.

“No individual Member of the European Parliament [MEP] has been mandated to observe or comment on this electoral process on its behalf,” the co-chairs of the EP's Democracy Support and Election Coordination Group said in the statement.

“Any statements made by Members of the European Parliament on these elections therefore do not represent in any way the view of the European Parliament or the European Union.”

The statement was issued by MEPs David McAllister and Linda McAvan. The EU Delegation to Bangladesh also issued the same statement yesterday.

The EP stated its position on the election in its resolution of November 15, 2018. It hoped that the December 30 polls would be “peaceful, transparent and participatory so that citizens can express a genuine political choice”.

The EP called upon the political forces to refrain from any violence or instigation of violence during the electoral period.

The EU last month informed the Bangladesh Election Commission that it would not send its full-fledged election observer mission. It said only two “electoral experts” would be deployed.

As per that decision, electoral experts David Noel Ward and Eirini-Maria Gounari arrived in Bangladesh on Tuesday. The two will be staying here till January 15 next year.

Asked why the European Parliament decided not to observe the national election, which would be participated by all political parties, EU Ambassador to Bangladesh Rensje Teerink said the European Parliament sends a very small number of observers only when the EU deploys a fully-fledged observation mission. 

“As this time the EU does not send an Election Observer Mission; the European Parliament is not sending observers. From the EU side, we see a growing demand from partner countries to have an EU Election Observer Mission. In the context of constrained resources, the EU has to make a difficult choice on where to deploy,” she told The Daily Star.

Earlier, the EU had cancelled sending election observer missions to Bangladesh in 2006 when the election was postponed amid violence and anarchy, and in 2014 when more than half of the 300 parliamentary seats were won uncontested.

EU AMBASSADOR MEETS ECs

“We hope a good contest and free and fair election will be held,” Ambassador Rensje Teerink told reporters after meeting the election commissioners at the Nirbachan Bhaban yesterday.

Teerink was accompanied by the two electoral experts of the EU. The experts, David Noel Ward and Erini-Maria Gourani, arrived in Dhaka on Tuesday to monitor the situation before and after the national election.

“We had a good meeting with the CEC and his colleagues,” she told reporters.

EC Secretary Helal Uddin Ahmed at another briefing said the expert team expressed satisfaction over the atmosphere.

The Jatiya Oikyafront candidates in the six constituencies of Khulna are heavily depending on female activists for their campaigns as most of the men are either on the run or under cover fearing police.

Male leaders and activists are seldom seen campaigning. They remain silent or in hiding to avoid police harassment, locals said, adding that using female activists in the campaigns is a strategy of the alliance.

Jamaat leaders have been nominated by the Jatiya Oikyafront in two constituencies of Khulna.

More than half the constituents in Khulna are women and it makes sense to deploy female activists, BNP leaders said.

Meanwhile, the Awami League campaign has gathered significant momentum. Alongside the nominees, AL leaders and activists are campaigning. Women leaders and activists are also seeking votes going door to door.

In the BNP tent, Principal Tarikul Islam, joint-secretary of city BNP, said, “Male activists are engaged in hanging posters and outdoor activities. So, we wanted to involve women in the campaigns more.”

“It should not be considered as our strategy. It is the reality,” said the BNP leader.

Azizul Bari Helal, the BNP nominee in Khulna-4 (Rupsha, Terakhada, Digholia), said AL activists were attacking BNP leaders and activists campaigning for him and they were also facing police harassment.

He alleged that female AL activists were visiting the homes of women who got benefit under VGF and VGD programmes.

BNP activist Zorina Khatun said, “Our male members are on the run to avoid police harassment. They cannot run their businesses and are even forced to shut their business establishments. We are campaigning to get out of this anarchy.”

The 23-year-old along with similarly aged Tanzila sheikh were distributing leaflets of Rokibul Islam Bokul, the BNP candidate for Khulna-3 (Khalishpur, Daulatpur and Khanjahan Ali), at Boikali in the morning after dropping off their children at school.

Clad in burqas, their faces were covered and they were wearing gloves. Several other women were accompanying them.

“Bokul is my brother of the neighbourhood. So, I am distributing leaflets for him,” she said.

Tanzila alleged that the AL did not give the BNP and other political parties any space for political activities. “Is the country only for the AL?” she asked.

On Friday night, these correspondents visited WAPDA Slum in Rupsha Stand Road and talked to 10 women voters who said female  activists were visiting their home every day.

At least 15 people were hurt during an attack on an election campaign of opposition Jatiya Oikyafront in Chattogram’s Fatickchhari today.

The injured include Oikyafront’s candidate for the constituency Azim Ullah Bahar and his associates, our local staff correspondent reports.

Bahar alleged, Chhatra League men known as ‘Tayeb Bahini’ attacked his campaign at Tokirhat around 2:30pm and foiled their campaign.

Fatickchari police station Officer-in-Charge Babul Akter confirmed The Daily Star of the attack and said “miscreants” swooped on his campaign.

Confirming reports of injuries, he said BNP men blocked a road at Jongkar Road area protesting the attack and vandalised some vehicles there. Five men were detained in this connection and additional police deployed.

Meanwhile, the AL men allegedly attacked another election campaign of Islami Front Bangladesh candidate Saifuddin Ahmed Maijbhandari at Bhujpur union in Fatickchhari.

Saifuddin told The Daily Star: “Cadres of AL candidate Najibul Bashar Maijbhandari attacked us during our campaign and took away our loud speakers.”

“The attacks left 12 workers of my party injured,” claimed the candidate.

Officer-in-Charge (OC) of Bhujpur Sheikh Abdullah said: “We went to the spot and found nothing. We have advised the candidate to file a written complaint.”

Jatiya Oikyafront convener Dr Kamal Hossain today urged the diplomatic corps in Dhaka to manage the Awami League government to hold a fresh national election under a nonparty administration immediately.

Kamal Hossain also president of Gonoforum made the call while holding a closed-door meeting with diplomats from different countries at a hotel in Dhaka’s Gulshan area this afternoon.

The Oikyafront leader also placed allegations of irregularity and violence, took place in the December 30 national election, before the foreign diplomats during the meeting.

“We held a good discussion. We presented before them (diplomats) what happened in the election. They also witnessed the irregularities by themselves and they did not make any argument over it,” Kamal told reporters after the meeting.

Kamal said, “They asked us what we want and we told them that we can reach a peaceful solution if a fresh election is held and all people can vote freely.”

“We will work together and play a constructive role to build a bright future of the country if a fresh election is held,” Kamal said.

Diplomats from at least 30 countries including USA, UK, Canada, Russia and China were present at the meeting.

During the meeting, BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir also spoke about the “ruling party and police men’s indulgence in the acts of terrorism” ahead of the election.

The “evidence of the election violence” were projected before the diplomats through a power-point presentation during the meeting, meeting sources said.

Later, written copies of the allegations with “facts and evidence” were handed over the foreign diplomats, the said.