The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) produced a lacklustre outcome by any measure, as reflected in many post-COP analyses. This remains significant because COP outcomes continue to shape the direction, pace, and credibility of global climate diplomacy, even when they fall short.

COP30 could not deliver concrete actions to phase out fossil fuels and advance climate finance, but some new opportunities were created for vulnerable countries.

The summit’s two highest-stakes issues, fossil fuel phaseout and deforestation, were effectively sidelined.

If COP30 is to be remembered as a turning point, dedicated gender-responsive finance windows must be created for adaptation, loss and damage.

Government ministers from around the world were preparing for a final few fraught days of talks at the UN climate summit as they bid to secure a deal that demonstrates global resolve amid increasing assertiveness from developing nations.

Global attention has currently turned to Belém, one of the gateways to the Brazilian Amazon, where the climate community has gathered for the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP 30) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).