Centurion Moeen Ali said patience was the key as England posted the highest score by a visiting team in nearly five years on the second day of the first Test against India on Thursday.

England's first innings score of 537 was built around Ali's 117 and an impressive 128 runs by Ben Stokes, who managed to banish memories of three ducks against India in his three previous innings.

India's openers responded with an unbeaten stand of 63 in the final session, the hosts trailing by 474 runs with all their wickets intact.

The stylish Joe Root (124) had notched up a century on the opening day to lay a solid foundation for England's middle-order batsmen at Rajkot's Saurashtra Cricket Association ground.

The day belonged to England's batsmen who made India work hard on an easy-paced track after captain Alastair Cook had elected to bat first.

"Patience is something Saqi (spin coach Saqlain Mushtaq) talks about a lot, we knew we needed to be patient," said Ali, 29, after the day's play.

"It's a very good pitch. I knew if I bat 200 balls I will surely make a hundred... We didn't plod much against the spinners and tried to be attacking in our approach," said Ali, who was on 99 overnight.

India's bowlers struggled in the heat and grime, with top-ranked spinner Ravichandran Ashwin conceding 167 runs while taking just two wickets.

But left-arm spinner Ravindra Jadeja was quick to spring to Ashwin's defence, saying any bowler can have an off-day.

But at least five dropped catches and some sloppy fielding underlined a miserable day for the Indians before their home fans.

Top-ranked India have won 12 and drawn one of their last 13 Tests at home since England sealed a historic 2-1 victory in Kolkata in 2012.

Although the tourists lost a succession of tailenders in the period immediately after lunch, Stokes stayed put to help England post their third highest total on Indian soil.

Stokes hit 13 fours and two sixes on route to his fourth ton in the longest format of the game.

England were on the attack in the morning session, hammering 139 runs while losing two wickets including that of Ali who was bowled by Mohammed Shami (2-65).

Jonny Bairstow, the highest Test run-scorer this year, made 46 and shared a brisk 99-run partnership for the sixth wicket with Stokes before also falling to Shami.

Stokes was dropped twice in his sixties by wicketkeeper Wriddhiman Saha with Umesh Yadav (2-112) being the unlucky bowler on both occasions.

The Indians took the new ball in the morning after England resumed at 311 for 4, but failed to get an immediate breakthrough.

Ali reached his century off the third ball of the day from Shami who seemed to have recovered from the cramps he suffered on the opening day.

SCORES IN BRIEF

ENGLAND: First innings 537 (Root 124, Moeen 117, Stokes 128, Bairstow 46, Ansari 32; Shami 2-65, Yadav 2-112, Ashwin 2-167, Jadeja 3-86)

INDIA: First innings 63 for no loss (Vijay 25 not out, Gambhir 28 not out)